Injection valve means for hydrocarbon motors



. Dec. 15, 1931. c. D. SALISBURY INJECTION VALVE MEANS FOR HYDROCARBON MOTORS Filed 001:. 24, 1929 INVENTOR (,4 EL R. 544 I'Jfil/RY Patented Dec. 15, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFF-ICE CARL D. SALISBURY, F

CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE WINTON ENGINE CORPORATION INJECTION VALVE MEANS FOR HYDROCABBON MOTORS Application filed October 24, 1929. Serial Ho. 402,177.

This invention relates to fuel injection means for hydrocarbon motors which operate by internal combustion of heavy liquid fuels on the so-called constant-pressure cycle; and

more specifically the invention has to do with that system of fuel injection wherein each combustion chamber of such a motor is served by its own individual fuel injection pump. The invention has particularly to do with means for controlling injection cutoff whereby the power output of the motor may be governed.

Briefly, to this end, I associate with each injection pump an overflow or spill valve by which fuel may be caused to bypass the combustion chamber into which it would otherwise be forced. By this arrangement it is possible to vary the timing of injection cutoff without aflecting the timing of injection commencement which latter may thus be permanently timed to take place at the most efficient instant in the englne cycle. The objects of the invention therefor are to provide such method of controlling motor operation,

and to provide means whereby the method may be employed.

The exact nature of the invention together with further objects and advantages thereof will be'apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a view partly in elevation and partly in sectional elevation of an exemplification of my invention showing pertinent parts of a motor;

Fig. 2 is a similar showing of details of an alternate form of valve gear.

With reference now to the drawings, 1

' represents the cylinder head of a motor which together with the cylinder 2 and piston 3 thereof defines the combustion chamber 4.

Arranged in the cylinder head is my fuel injection means which comprises essentially pump means arranged to deliver into the combustion chamber 4, and spill valve means for bypassing the desired portion of the charge. Such fuel injection means will be found illustrated and described in greater detail in my copending application, Serial 90 No. 402,178, filed of even date herewith, so

that reference will here be made only to the necessary or principal parts thereof.

These parts include the valve block 5 seating within the bore 6 of the cylinder head, which bore is stepped as indicated and which receives adjacent the combustion chamber 4 the nozzle 7. This nozzle as is usual is provided with a number of minute aperturesthrough which injection is had to the combustion chamber. Seating within this nozzle 7 to cut oflf communication through these apertures is the injection valve 8 the stem of which extends upward through a bore in the pump plunger 9 which bears with accurate fit in a corresponding bore in the valve block 5. The injection valve stem is backed up by a pin 10 which hasa head 11 in a hollow 12 of the plunger 9, which hollow is closed at the outer end of the plunger by a block 13. Within the hollow 12 is a compression spring 14 which bears at its opposite ends against the head of the pin 10 and the block 13, so that the injection valve 8 is yieldably urged to close the injection open- 1ngs in the nozzle 7 and to move the plunger 9 outwardly of the valve block 5.

Beneath the plunger 9 is a chamber 15 communicating with which are inlet and outlet passages 16 and 17 respectively. The

inlet passage leads by way of a check valve 18 to a fuel inlet connection 19-and may also have communication with a safety valve 20. The outlet passage 17 leads to a spill or overflow valve 21 and thence by way of a lead 22 to an overflow 23. The spill valve 21 is arranged as indicated so that fluid pressure within the chamber 15 would tend to unseat the valve and allow overflow thereby. This valve, however, has associated therewith a spring 24 tending to maintain it seated, and has a stem of large diameter relative to the size of opening which its head closes, so that while it will not be unseated by maximum pressure in the chamber 15 and passage 17, very little force against the spring 24 is required to cause the valve to open.

The stem of the injection valve 8 is of greater sectional area than that which this valve closes so that pressures within the chamber 15 may automatically cause unseating.

It, will be apparent that the structure described comprises fuel injection means. Outward movement of the plunger 9 will cause flow of fuel into the chamber 15. Upon inward stroke of the plunger the pressure rise in the chamber 15 will cause unseating of the injection valve 8 and allow injection through the nozzle 7 into the combustion chamber 4. However, if the valve 21 be caused to open, pressure'within the chamber 15 will be relieved and the valve 8 allowed to seat inthe nozzle 7 under the action of the spring 14.

For 0 crating the plunger 9 as shown in Fig. 1 employ the usual cam 25 having a high spot 26 arranged to move the rocker 27 upon its fulcrum shaft 28 to move the plunger through the push rod 29 which seats within the indicated socket in the block 13. Thus continued rotation of the shaft 30 which carries the cam 25 will effect periodic de ressions of the plunger 9, each inward stro e of the plun er causing unseating of the valve 8 find uel injection into the combustion cham- Obviously were not the spill valve 21 provided, a maximum charge determined by the full and uniform stroke of the plunger would be injected into the combustion chamber during each complete cycle of the engine, it being understood that the shaft 30 is driven in well-known manner in timed relation with movement of the piston 3.

However, in order that the injection need not comprise such full charge I provide means for causing the valve 21 to open if desired before the plunger 9 completes its working stroke so as to cut off injection, allowing the remainder of the plunger stroke to cause merely overflow past the spill valve. The meanshere shown comprises a rocker 31 carried upon a fulcrum shaft 32 and arranged in the lane of the plunger-actuating rocker 27 whlch is hereinafter termed a lever for purposes of clarity.

The arm 31a of the rocker 31 is positioned above a tappet 33 which passes through and is supported by the lever 27 and is in alignment with the valve 21 to depress and open the same against the spring 24, through the medium of a cap 21a.

The other arm 31?) of the rocker 31 is adapted for engagement by the lever 27 through the medium of a wedge 34. As shown the wedge rests at one end upon the lever 27 and is supported at its other end by an arm 35 secured upon a control shaft 36; and the construction is such that the wedge 34 may be shifted by rocking of the shaft 36 from the position indicated, in which a decided clearance is had between the wedge and the rocker arm 31b, to a position in which there is little or no clearance between these parts,other parts of the mechanism being in the relative positions indicated, that is, the described clearance being present while the high spot 26 of the cam 25 is not acting upon the lever 27.

It will be apparent that as the lever 27 is moved by this high spot 26 the described clearance Will be taken up and ultimately the rocker 31 will be engaged by the cam 34 to cause opening of the spill valve 21. Ohviously the position of the wedge 34 varies the timing of opening of the spill valve relative to that of the plunger 9 the timing of which latter is unvaried. Thus injection will always commence at the same instant in the cycle, while the opening of the spill valve, and thus injection cutoff, may be caused to occur earlier or later in the cycle as desired, by merely shifting the control shaft 36.

With reference now to Fig. 2 wherein like parts have corresponding reference characters, the lever 27 is actuated through a push rod 37 instead of directly by a cam 25, as will be well appreciated by one familiar with the art, but the lever operates to move the plunger 9 on its working stroke, through the push rod 29 as before. Similarly a rocker 31 is provided in the plane of the lever 27 for actuation thereby and to actuate the spill valve 21 through the medium of the cap 21a and tappet 33 as before. Here, however, the fulcrum 32a upon which the rocker 31 moves has an eccentric mounting on a rock shaft 38 whereby the position of the fulcrum of the lever 31 may be adjusted. For this purpose the control shaft 36 carries an arm 35 which has connection through a link 39 with an arm 40 secured with the shaft 38 so that movement of the control shaft 36 will cause corresponding movement of the shaft 38 and will shift the fulcrum 32a. By such shifting, the

clearance between the arm 31b of the rocker 31 and the screw 41 carried by the lever 27, may be varied in thesame manner as the clearance provided by the parts shown in Fig. 1 has been described as variable, and the same result of changing the timing of injection cutoff, accomplished.

It will be ap arent that the described adjustments may e made during operation of the motor so that control of the power output is had thereby. I have found in practice that less effort is required to accomplish this control with a gear of the type illustrated in Fig. 2, wherein shifting of the rocker 31 is not materially impeded by its periodic rocking movement. I prefer to employ roll? ers 42 in either form, however.

What I claim is:

1. In an internal combustion engine having 'a fuel injection pump and a spill valve associated therewith, actuating means for the pump plunger and including a lever, and actuating means for said valve and including a tappet, said lever having an opening and said tappet being arranged in said opening.

2. In an internal combustion engine having a fuel injection pump and a spill valve associated therewith, actuating means for the pump plunger and including a lever, actuating means for said valve and including a tappet, and a rocker arranged for actuation by said lever to actuate said tappet.

3. In an internal combustion engine having a fuel injection pump and a spill valve associated therewith, actuating means for the pump plunger and including a lever having an arm associated with the plunger, actuating means for said valve and including a tap pet, and a rocker arranged for actuation by another arm of said lever to actuate said tappet.

4. In an internal combustion engine having a fuel injection pump and a spill valve associated therewith, actuating means for the pump plunger and including a lever having a plurality of arms one associated with said plunger, said arm having an opening, actuating means for said valve and including a tappet positioned in said opening, and a rocker adapted for actuation by said lever to actuate said tappet and for the purpose having a pair of arms one associated with said tappet and the other associated with another arm of said lever.

5. In an internal combustion engine having a fuel injection pump and a spill valve associated therewith, actuating means for the pump plunger and including a lever, actuating means for said valve and including a tapet, a rocker arranged for actuation by said ever to actuate said tappet, and control means for said valve means and comprising means for adjusting the fulcrum of said rocker.

In testimony whereof I hereby aflix my signature.

CARL D. SALISBURY. 

